Blockchain-Enabled Trust Framework for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Systems

Abstract

This paper, prepared as part of a doctoral colloquium, presents preliminary research toward establishing a decentralized trust model for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems using blockchain technology. As an alternative to traditional PKI-based architectures, it proposes a security framework based on Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs). The paper outlines a two-layer architecture that combines identity management with distributed logging of security-relevant events. The approach focuses on representative V2X use cases that do not require ultra-low latency, such as over-the-air (OTA) software updates, electric vehicle (EV) charging authentication, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions, and cross-border vehicle identity verification.